Lithium–ion Batteries

In July 2013 – Signals 92 – we highlighted that lithium-ion batteries had been identified as the cause of several aircraft fires and were frequently carried as cargo on container ships.

Recent events suggest that the hazard still exists – the recall and banning of certain Samsung devices and two fires on board container ships.

The batteries are mostly designed to be rechargeable (as opposed to the non-rechargeable lithium metal type of battery) and have a high ‘energy density’ – they have a very high energy output in relation to their weight when compared to other types of batteries. The IMDG code states that lithium-ion batteries may cause fire due to an explosive rupture of the body caused by improper construction or reaction with contaminants.

Carrying Lithium-ion Batteries Cargo

Lithium-ion batteries as cargo must be carried in strict accordance with the IMDG code. The dangerous goods can be either the batteries only (UN 3480) or the batteries when in equipment or packed with equipment (UN3481).

Five important things you need to know about the carriage of lithium-ion batteries:

1. The transport of lithium-ion batteries is subject to regulations based on various industry standards including but not limited to:

• BS EN 62281 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
• UN DOT 38.3 Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods, manual of tests and Criteria

2. All Lithium-ion batteries must undergo mechanical and electrical tests which simulate the effects of transportation. (See UN DOT 38.3)

3. Lithium-ion batteries which have been transportation tested and have a possible stored energy of >100Wh must be transported as class 9 dangerous goods. There are strict packaging, labelling and documentation requirements. Damaged batteries must also meet with additional special provisions in the IMDG code.

4. Lithium-ion batteries which have been transportation tested and have a possible stored energy of <100Wh may have less strict requirements. If there is doubt – it is always more prudent to assume that the more strict requirements apply. See 3.

5. There are restrictions on the number and size of lithium-ion batteries which can be transported by air. As a risk control measure – it would be prudent to consider limiting the total number of batteries in any one container for shipment by sea.

For further information please contact loss.prevention@nepia.com